Assessing the role of serum Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) levels in hypothyroidism patients as risk marker of insulin resistance
Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci., Vol. 36, No. 3, 174-179
Israa Jafar1
, Hanaa Addai Ali1, Rawaa Adday Ali2,
Mohauman Mohammed Al-rufaie*1
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
2 Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
10.2478/cipms-2023-0030
© 2023 Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonComercial-No Derivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)
Abstract
Introduction. Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The diagnosis and monitoring of this condition often rely on thyroid hormone levels, which can be limited in their accuracy. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a protein family that is involved in the innate immune response and is distinguished by its distinct pentameric structure.
Aim. To evaluate the utility of serum PTX3 levels in detecting and monitoring hypothyroidism.
Materials and Methods. A case-control design of the study included 90 participants between the ages of 20 and 50 years. These participants were divided into three groups: overt hypothyroidism (OH), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and a control group of healthy individuals. Anthropometric data, including age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and hormonal parameters were measured and recorded for each participant.
Results. Our work demonstrates that serum PTX3 levels were significantly elevated in individuals with hypothyroidism, compared to those with normal thyroid function (p<0.001). Furthermore, PTX3 levels correlated positively with TSH levels (r=0.62, p<0.001) and negatively with T4 levels (r= -0.53, p<0.001).
Conclusion. The findings suggest that serum PTX3 levels can be a useful biomarker for detecting and monitoring hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of SCH. The study's exclusion criteria made sure that no other systemic illnesses or medication use could have tainted the findings. Therefore, the use of plasma PTX3 levels in hypothyroidism detection and monitoring may prove to be a valuable clinical tool in the future.
Full Text
Keywords
serum PTX3 levels, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone levels and TSH levels.
References
- Usuda D, Takagi S, Takanaga K, Izumida T, Sangen R, Higashikawa T, et al. Adrenal Insufficiency due to Total Primary Empty Sella Syndrome. J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;10(5):144-53.
- Khandelwal D, Tandon N. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: who to treat and how. Drugs. 2012;72(1):17-33.
- Sanyal D, Raychaudhuri M. Hypothyroidism and obesity: An intriguing link. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(4):554.
- Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Ansari S. Update of hypothyroidism and its management in Unani medicine. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2021;32(2):1-10.
- Alsolami AA, Alshaki KZ, Albeshri MA, Alhassan S, Qazli AM, Ahalki AS, et al. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: a case–control study. Int J Gen Med. 2018;11:457-61.
- Grais IM, Sowers JR. Thyroid and the heart. Am J Med. 2014;127(8): 691-8.
- Chiovato L, Magri F, Carlé A. Hypothyroidism in context: where we’ve been and where we’re going. Adv Ther. 2019;36:47-58.
- Pepys MB, Baltz ML. Acute phase proteins with special reference to C-reactive protein and related proteins (pentaxins) and serum amyloid A protein. Adv Immunol. 1983;34:141-212.
- Garlanda C, Bottazzi B, Bastone A, Mantovani A. Pentraxins at the crossroads between innate immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition, and female fertility. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:337-66.
- Alles VV, Bottazzi B, Peri G, Golay J, Introna M, Mantovani A. Inducible expression of PTX3, a new member of the pentraxin family, in human mononuclear phagocytes. Blood. 1994;84(10):3483-93.
- Doni A, Peri G, Chieppa M, Allavena P, Pasqualini F, Vago L, et al. Production of the soluble pattern recognition receptor PTX3 by myeloid, but not plasmacytoid, dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol. 2003;33(10):2886-93.
- Unlu M, Karaman M, Ay SA, Balta S, Cakar M, Demirkal S, et al. The comparative effects of valsartan and amlodipine on vascular microinflammation in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2013;35(6):418-23.
- Cao RY, Yang J, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhao Q, Ding Y, et al. The potential value of Copeptin and Pentraxin3 for evaluating the severity of coronary stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Biochem. 2021;87:32-8.
- Zempo-Miyaki A, Kumagai H, Yoshikawa T, Myoenzono K, So R, Otsuki T, et al. Pentraxin 3 increases in adult overweight and obese men after weight loss by dietary modification with exercise training. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019;44(2):11-117.
- Robertson J. Body mass index and mental health in young people-predictors of early heart failure and cardiomyopathy. University of Gothenburg; 2019.
- Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412-9.
- Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499-502.
- Giacomini A, Ghedini GC, Presta M, Ronca R. Long pentraxin 3: A novel multifaceted player in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Reviews Cancer. 2018;1869(1):53-63.
- Kitoh T, Ohara T, Muto T, Okumura A, Baba R, Koizumi Y, et al. Increased pentraxin 3 levels correlate with IVIG responsiveness and coronary artery aneurysm formation in Kawasaki disease. Front Immunol. 2021;12:624802.
- Erreni M, Manfredi AA, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Rovere‐Querini P. The long pentraxin PTX 3: A prototypical sensor of tissue injury and a regulator of homeostasis. Immunol Rev. 2017;280(1): 112-25.
- Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S, Ijaz H. The role of inflammatory biomarkers in the arterial hypertension. Arter Hypertens. 2023;27(1).
- Abd Ali HN, Ali HA. The Effects of ANGPTL8 Levels and Correlated with Lipid Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Iraqi Patients with Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Ann Rom Soc Cell Biol. 2021;25(6):169-81.
- Ni W, Zhang M, Wang X, Li X, Wang Q, Wang Y, et al. Age-specific serum thyrotropin reference range for the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism and its association with lipid profiles in the elderly population. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):20872.
- Tekalign AM, Habte FB, Yimer RM. Determinants of Thyroid Dysfunction among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Private Hospitals in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. medRxiv. 2022.
- Brown SJ, Bremner AP, Hadlow NC, Feddema P, Leedman PJ, O’Leary P, et al. The log TSH–free T4 relationship in a community‐based cohort is nonlinear and is influenced by age, smoking and thyroid peroxidase antibody status. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016;85(5): 789-96.
- Tabandeh MR, Taha AS, Addai Ali H, Razijalali M, Mohammadtaghvaei N. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Coincident with Clinical and Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunctions Results in Dysregulation of Circulating Chemerin, Resistin and Visfatin. Biomedicines. 2023;11(2):346.
- Sun Y, Chen C, Liu GG, Wang M, Shi C,Yo G, et al. The association between iodine intake and semen quality among fertile men in China. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1-8.
- Chen X, Deng S, Sena C, Zhou C, Thaker VV. Relationship of TSH levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in US youth and reference percentiles for thyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2021;106(3):1221-30.
- Štěpánek L. Horakova D, Stepanek L, Janaut V, Janautova J, Bouchalova K, et al. Free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio is strongly associated with insulin resistance in euthyroid and hypothyroid adults: a cross-sectional study. Endokrynol Pol. 2021;72(1):8-13.
- Ebrahimpour A, Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Moein S. Direct correlation between serum homocysteine level and insulin resistance index in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: Does subclinical hypothyroidism increase the risk of diabetes and cardio vascular disease together? Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2018;12(6):863-7.
- Yamasaki K, Kurimura M, Kasai T, Sagara M, Kodama T, Inoue K. Determination of physiological plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels in healthy populations. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;47(4):471-7.
- Wu Q, Cao F, Tao J, Li X, Zheng ZG, Pan H-F. Pentraxin 3: A promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(12):102584.
- Margiana R, Sharma SK, Khan BI, Alameri AA, Opulencia MJC, Hammidi AT, et al. The pathogenicity of COVID-19 and the role of pentraxin-3: An updated review study. Pathol Pract. 2022;154128.
